Some countries are thousands of years old. These nations have strong roots and rich stories. Below are the ten oldest countries in the world. We also included key cities from each.

1. Egypt – Around 3100 BCE

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Capital: Cairo

Oldest Cities: Memphis, Luxor, Alexandria

Egypt began when Upper and Lower Egypt united. It became home to pyramids and great rulers called pharaohs.

2. Iran (Persia) – Around 3200 BCE

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Capital: Tehran

Oldest Cities: Susa, Persepolis, Shiraz

Iran was once called Persia. It had powerful empires and old cities that still stand today.

3. China – Around 2070 BCE

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Capital: Beijing

Oldest Cities: Anyang, Xi’an, Luoyang

China started with the Xia dynasty. It built walls, books, and inventions that changed the world.

4. India – Around 2500 BCE

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Capital: New Delhi

Oldest Cities: Varanasi, Patna, Madurai

India began with the Indus Valley people. It gave birth to many beliefs, ideas, and trade systems.

5. Greece – Around 800 BCE

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Capital: Athens

Oldest Cities: Athens, Corinth, Argos

Greece is known for its thinkers and early ideas on government, art, and learning.

6. Japan – Around 660 BCE

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Capital: Tokyo

Oldest Cities: Kyoto, Nara, Osaka

Japan was founded by its first emperor. Its royal family still lives today.

7. Ethiopia – Around 980 BCE

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Capital: Addis Ababa

Oldest Cities: Axum, Lalibela, Gondar

Ethiopia is one of the oldest places in Africa. It has a unique language and faith.

8. San Marino – 301 CE

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Capital: San Marino

Main Cities: Serravalle, Borgo Maggiore

San Marino is a small country in Europe. It is the oldest still-active republic in the world.

9. France – Around 843 CE

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Capital: Paris

Oldest Cities: Marseille, Lyon, Reims

France began after the split of an old empire. It played a major role in modern history.

10. Armenia – Around 2492 BCE

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Capital: Yerevan

Oldest Cities: Armavir, Artashat, Ani

Armenia is one of the first Christian nations. It has a long past and strong identity.

Conclusion

These countries have lasted through war, change, and time. They still keep parts of their past alive today.

FAQs

What is the oldest country in the world?

Egypt is often seen as the oldest. It was founded around 3100 BCE.

Which country has the longest royal line?

Japan has the longest line of emperors. It began in 660 BCE.

Is San Marino really a country?

Yes. San Marino is small but independent. It started in the year 301 CE.